Our brains trick us into seeing images of craters as both concave and convex.
to the surface. When light is oriented this way in the image, coming in from the horizon versus overhead, our perception of the scene is altered. Once we rotate the picture so that the angle of the light is above, it looks concave again. Human visual processing operates on a default “light from above” assumption because most of the brightness we encounter in the world—like the sun or the LEDs in our homes—usually comes from the sky or ceiling.
, for instance, the sunken side of a human mask looks convex at first glance due to the real-world premise that visages protrude., where the pearly orb seems massive when it’s orbiting closer to Earth’s horizon even though its width hasn’t changed. There isn’t a definitive answer for why our brains perceive the moon this way.
“You’re using these two flat images to try to recover depth in the scene, [but] it’s massively under-determined, meaning that there’s not enough information to perfectly know the 3D shapes and positions of objects in the scene,” Fischer says. “So you’re going to have to make some best guesses about it.”
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