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A recent study has uncovered a direct pathway between the brain and its protective dura mater, debunking the notion of the brain’s complete isolation. Through innovative imaging, researchers identified arachnoid cuff exit points, crucial for the brain’s waste disposal and interaction with the immune system. The study also links the aging process with the dysfunction of these points, offering insights into the development of neurodegenerative diseases.
“Waste fluid moves from the brain into the body much like how sewage leaves our homes,” said NINDS’s Daniel S. Reich, M.D., Ph.D. “In this study, we asked the question of what happens once the ‘drain pipes’ leave the ‘house’—in this case, the brain—and connect up with the city sewer system within the body.” Reich’s group worked jointly with the lab of Jonathan Kipnis, Ph.D., a professor at Washington University in St. Louis.
Kipnis’s lab was making similar observations in mice. His group injected mice with light-emitting molecules. Like with the MRI experiments, fluid containing these light-emitting molecules was seen to slip through the arachnoid barrier where blood vessels passed through.Together, the labs found a “cuff” of cells that surround blood vessels as they pass through the arachnoid space.
“The immune system uses molecules to communicate that cross from the brain into the dura mater,” said Kipnis. “This crossing needs to be tightly regulated, otherwise detrimental effects on brain function can occur.”
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