Detecting neutrino interactions would open the door to strange new physics beyond the Standard Model.
in the early universe. This connection comes from a neutrino’s ability to oscillate into different flavors — usually either electron, lepton and tau neutrinos, but a fourth form of neutrino referred to as a sterile neutrino has also been postulated. The sterile neutrino is one possible candidate for the identity of dark matter. However, so far no experimental evidence for sterile neutrinos has come to light.
The remnant of supernova 1987A, seen in a combined image taken by the Hubble Space Telescope, the Chandra X-ray Observatory and ALMA. To better understand these neutrino self-interactions, the Ohio State team, led by astrophysicist Po-Wen Chang, modeled how the neutrino signal from SN 1987A would appear based on relativistic hydrodynamics, which describes how particles that are tightly coupled together and act like a liquid behave when moving at close to the speed of light, which neutrinos do.
Under relativistic hydrodynamics, the neutrinos could"flow" from a supernova in one of two ways. The first is as a"burst outflow," which is analogous to popping a balloon in space and the resulting energy pushing out in all directions. The second — and thought to be more likely — possibility is as a"wind outflow," which imagines that the energy escapes from the popping balloon via myriad nozzles, which would produce a more consistent flow rate of neutrinos.
"The dynamics of supernovae are complicated, but this result is promising because with relativistic hydrodynamics we know there’s a fork in the road in understanding how they work now," Po-Wen Chang said in a
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