A unique long-term study performed by researchers at Umeå University shows that the pendent lichen Usnea longissima has decreased by 42% over 37 years in Skuleskogen National Park, located in High Coast UNESCO World Heritage site. The study has been published in the journal Forest Ecology and Management.
Hydrated thalli of Usnea longissima hanging from spruce branches in Skuleskogen National Park. Credit: Per-Anders Esseen
Usnea longissima was probably the original"tinsel" placed on Christmas trees and may reach a length of several meters. It grows in old and humid spruce forests and is an important indicator of biodiversity in forests. It is red-listed as vulnerable and protected by law in Sweden. Sweden and Norway host the largest occurrences in Europe and therefore have particular responsibility to protect the lichen.
The extinction was higher on trees that were still standing than extinction caused by treefalls . A total of 207 newly colonized trees were also detected, reflecting substantial turnover of host trees within local populations.landscapes and shows that the lichen is strongly dispersal-limited. The lichen mainly disperses with larger fragments, which only dispersed a few meters over 37 years.
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