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Through the middle of Indonesia runs an imaginary line that separates distinct ecosystems, creating a stark division in biodiversity and shaping the lives of countless species.
On the Asian side of the line, animals almost exclusively originate from Asia. But on the Australian side, they are a mix of both Asian and Australian descent. Until recently, this asymmetric distribution of species across the Wallace Line puzzled ecologists.
It also gave rise to the Wallacea region, whose islands remained isolated. These islands were populated only by organisms capable of crossing the straits between islands. "This is likely because of the complexity and abundance of islands and shallow reef systems in this geologically complex region," said Dr. Skeels, explaining the abundance of marine life in the region.played a significant role in the formation of the Wallace Line. These events include the emergence and submersion of land bridges due to changes in sea levels during the Pleistocene.
Of these conditions, two factors emerged in shaping the patterns of vertebrate exchange: precipitation tolerance and dispersal ability. These factors hinged on the intricate interplay between deep-time precipitation gradients and the adaptability of species to navigate the challenging geography of the Indo-Australian archipelago.
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