A team of scientists, including physicist Eugene Demler from ETH Zurich, for the first time, closely observed how magnetic correlations play a role in mediating hole pairing. Superconductivity only occurs in pairs. Therefore, in order for conductance without electrical resistance to take place in
, they show that in a synthetic crystal so-called holes — in essence empty sites in a lattice filled with fermions — can form pairs mediated by magnetic correlations.The synthetic crystal that the team created consists of atoms trapped in complex optical structures formed by intersecting laser beams. In such crystals, the key parameters defining the properties and behavior of the system can be controlled with a degree of precision and flexibility that is typically out of reach in real materials.
The key is an approach that Grusdt and Demler introduced together with colleagues in 2018. They showed that there are clever ways of modifying a model of fermions with repulsive interactions such that strong pairing emerges. They dubbed their approach the mixed-dimensional t–J model, extending works that reach back to the early 1990s when a handful of researchers — including the group of Maurice Rice at ETH Zurich — formulated so-called t–J ladder models to explore magnetically mediated pairing.
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