An adjusted plan should get the United States’s next great particle physics experiment running as early as 2029, researchers say.
Struggling with cost overruns, the Department of Energy has decided to build the United States’s next great particle physics experiment in two phases, officials told physicists this month. The decision means the megaproject—actually two intertwined efforts called the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility and the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment —won’t be completed to its original specs until the mid-2030s instead of late this decade, and that its already ballooning cost will increase even further.
Nearly massless and rarely interacting with other matter, neutrinos come in three types—electron, muon, and tau—depending on how they’re generated. One type can morph into another as the particles zip along at near–light-speed. To study those neutrino oscillations, physicists can fire a beam of muon neutrinos generated with a particle accelerator to a huge detector hundreds of kilometers away, which counts the arriving muon neutrinos—plus electron neutrinos that have appeared along the way.
With just that first phase, LBNF/DUNE should be capable of measuring CP violation. But physicists with Japan’s Hyper-K say they’ll start to take data in 2028, a year before LBNF/DUNE. Hyper-K will consist of a subterranean cylindrical tank 70 meters tall and filled with 260,000 tons of ultrapure water.
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