The Soviet Union's space program was years ahead of the USA's. So how did they lose the space race?
, who built and launched rockets, rocket motors, liquid-fueled rockets, and mentored a young Wernher von Braun., who was the first to understand the relationship between consumable rocket fuel, mass, thrust, and acceleration. Perhaps more than any other person, Tsiolkovsky's early works influenced the development of spaceflight and space exploration across the globe.
Sergei Korolev, shown here in 1961, served many functions in the Soviet space program, including as the capsule commander from the ground during many of the crewed spaceflights of the 1960s.This combination — of German V-2 technology, Tsiolkovsky's theoretical work, and Korolev's brainpower and imagination — proved an incredible recipe for Soviet success in the venture of space exploration. Korolev's rise upon his release from the Gulag was nothing short of meteoric.
By 1949, the Soviets were launching R-2 rockets designed by Korolev, with double the range and improved accuracy over the original V-2 clones, but Korolev was already thinking further. As early as 1947, Korolev had come up with an entirely novel design for an R-3 missile, with a range of 3,000 kilometers: enough to reach England from Moscow.
These achievements catapulted Korolev to national prominence within the Soviet Union. He was declared, and began advocating for using the R-7 to launch a satellite into space, met with utter disinterest from the Communist Party. But when the United States media began discussing the possibilities of investing millions of dollars to launch a satellite, Korolev seized his chance. In less than a month, Sputnik 1 was designed, constructed, and launched.
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