A HIV drug appears to be able to help the brain clear out toxic proteins that lead to Huntington's disease and a type of dementia, raising the possibility it could be repurposed as a therapy for neurodegenerative disorders.
In neurodegenerative conditions like these, a build-up of toxic protein clumps is associated with the break down and eventual death of healthy brain cells, which leads to symptoms such as memory loss, confusion, mood swings – and eventually death.where cells in the brain would consume any unwanted or toxic proteins, break them down, and remove them. But for some reason, in patients with neurodegenerative conditions, this process fails.
Once CCR5 is switched on, it stops autophagy from occurring. This causes the toxic protein clusters to build up, and these protein aggregates in turn create a positive feedback loop that leads to the activation of even more CCR5 receptors. Mice that were genetically engineered to have Huntington's were given the drug at two months old for four weeks. At the end of the treatment period, the researchers showed they had significantly less build up of misfolded huntingtin clusters in their brains compared to the untreated mice.
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