Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa) are two of the most common prostate conditions among elderly men, with a significant percentage experiencing one or both conditions. Prostate cancer is the most prevalent non-skin cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality among men in the United States.
The origin of BPH and prostate cancer in different prostate zones and the impact on the incidence of prostate cancerBenign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer are two of the most common prostate conditions among elderly men, with a significant percentage experiencing one or both conditions. Prostate cancer is the most prevalent non-skin cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality among men in the United States.
Using the PRISMA guidelines, a thorough review of studies published in the PubMed database between January 1978 and November 2022 was conducted. Due to the clinical heterogeneity in study designs, awas not feasible, and a narrative review approach was adopted. Studies included in this review were selected based on their relevance to the zonal origins of BPH and PCa, excluding those that did not meet specific inclusion criteria.
The evidence from the reviewed studies overwhelmingly supports the hypothesis of zonal origins for BPH and PCa. For example, Kojima and team reported that 88% of primary PCa tumors originated in the PZ, while only 12% were from the TZ. Additional studies supported these histopathological findings, although some were excluded from the review due to not meeting the inclusion criteria.
This review provides a detailed historical and clinical context for the zonal origins of BPH and PCa, offering valuable insights for urologists and clinicians in diagnosing and managing these prevalent conditions. The inverse relationship between BPH size and PCa incidence remains a critical area for ongoing research, with significant implications for patient care and treatment strategies.
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