Study results encourage SARS-CoV-2–infected mothers breastfeed to protect infants from COVID Antibodies ChildHealth Coronavirus Disease COVID SARSCoV2 breastmilk cordblood newborn pregnant glycoprotein
By Dr. Liji Thomas, MDJul 17 2022Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. The severity of the coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy and infancy is considered to be more severe than in children. As a result, it is necessary to evaluate the efficacy of vaccination or natural infection at inducing protective immunity against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in newborns.
The presence of abundant angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors throughout the placenta may elevate the risk of infection of this organ. The resulting placental injury, which allows it to leak inflammatory cytokines to the fetal circulation, could lead to detrimental fetal outcomes. Taken together, 71 newborns were included in the study, with a mean gestational age of 37 weeks. The majority of the newborns were born by vaginal delivery and breastfed, whereas less than 2% tested positive for COVID-19 during the course of the study.
There were 15 babies without detectable IgG antibodies, almost all of whom were born to mothers infected within a month of delivery. Moreover, almost 90% of these infants were born to seronegative mothers, with most of the remaining infants born to mothers with IgG in their blood. Cord blood IgG was found in only one baby whose mother was seropositive for all three Ig classes at the time. At six months, both mother and infant were seropositive.
Conclusions Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies are generated by most pregnant women following infection and are detectable in both maternal serum and breastmilk. These antibody levels are higher in mothers who experienced symptomatic infection as compared to asymptomatic patients.
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