Study provides detailed understanding of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineage antibody escape AntibodyEscape Coronavirus Disease COVID Omicron immuneescape cellhostmicrobe UniCologne FU_Berlin HumboldtUni UKEHamburg
By Suchandrima BhowmikJul 13 2022Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. The emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Omicron variant quickly led to an increase in infection rates globally, despite high levels of protection against SARS-CoV-2 by natural infection and vaccination. A highly mutated spike protein is responsible for the variant’s high transmissibility and immune evasion capabilities.
Most of the studies on the resistance of the Omicron variant to antibody-mediated neutralization are limited to the initial BA.1 Omicron strain. However, several sublineages of Omicron have subsequently emerged and further increased infection rates. Therefore, it is important to determine the antibody escape properties of these Omicron subvariants for the development of effective preventive and therapeutic interventions.
BA.2.12.1, BA.4, and BA.5 pseudoviruses were produced using an expression plasmid followed by the production of monoclonal antibodies. Thereafter, pseudovirus neutralization assays were conducted, along with an analysis of antibody amino acid sequences. Serum neutralizing activity was observed for samples that were collected at a median of 48 days post-infection with the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain. However, neutralizing activity was detectable in 0-15% of samples for BA.1 and BA1.1, while the activity was 45-50% for BA.2, BA.2.12.1, and BA.4/ 5. Booster immunization led to neutralizing activity against all the Omicron sublineages.
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