State-run oil giants will make or break the energy transition

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State-run oil giants will make or break the energy transition
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In the oil market the private sector counts for less than you might think. State-run oil behemoths sit on roughly two-thirds of the remaining reserves of discovered oil and gas globally

, long mismanaged by Venezuela’s left-wing dictatorship, to professionally run firms which are listed and, at least in principle, accountable to minority shareholders . Small wonder that they differ in their shade of brown, too.s are in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Most are poorly run and have smallish or unattractive reserves.

This record, combined with long-standing governance problems, is increasingly costing such firms the support of international companies that have historically supplied them with technical and financial muscle. By the calculations of Christyan Malek of JPMorgan Chase, a bank, the oil majors underwrite between 40% and 60% of investments made bys outside the Persian Gulf.

The most significant category sits somewhere in the middle. These are companies, mostly in the Gulf and Russia, which are blessed with low-cost, low-carbon and long-lived reserves that will outlast both less well-endoweds and the majors. They will keep pumping for years, even decades, to come. But some of them are trying to do it more cleanly.

Petrobras reckons that production of oil from its newer fields results in 40% less greenhouse-gas emissions per barrel than the global average. Rather than going big on renewables, the Brazilian company is further decarbonising oil operations with investments in all-electric production facilities and vessels. It recently secured a $1.3bn green loan, where the interest rate drops if the firm decarbonises, and has tied executive pay to emissions targets.

The middle group’s capital-spending plans, though they appear distinctly brown overall, also conceal small but interesting specks of green—especially if you zoom out from the companies’ own projects to those co-sponsored by other state entities. Take the. Its industry minister, Sultan al-Jaber, says that “we saw the writing on the wall 16 years ago.” That is when the country created Masdar, a pioneering clean-energy company which today has investments in 40 countries around the world.

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