Over the decades, scientists have held a literal mirror up to various animals to determine whether their minds feature some kind of representation of self.
Penguins are highly social animals, with Antarctic species relying on colonial huddles to endure the frigid extremes of winter. These animals are also relatively easy to test in a wild situation, unlike many other mirror tests that have required animals to be in a captive environment.
"The penguins made rapid movements of their heads, flippers, or of their bodies, some of which appeared to be gestures," the team."Many of these movements and gestures were rapidly repeated, but strikingly, the visual attention of all the subject penguins was firmly on their images during the entire timespan of their performance."
When they were 'marked' with a red bib, however, the penguins failed to react the the change in their appearance.
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