They used a merger of volumetric bioprinting techniques and melt electrowriting.
However, these scaffolds can’t be printed with cells in there directly, because of the high temperatures involved. That’s where volumetric bioprinting comes into play as the method can be used to solidify cell-laden gels onto the scaffolds.
To get functional blood cells, the scientists created a tubular scaffold using melt electrowriting and proceeded to submerge it into a vial with photoactive gel and place it in the volumetric bioprinter. “In order to get this right, we had to place the scaffold exactly center in the vial,” first author of the new study Gabriël Größbacher said. “Any deviation from the center would mean that the volumetric print would be off-set. But we managed to center it perfectly by printing the scaffold on a mandril that we fitted to the vial.”Größbacher and colleagues found that various thicknesses of the scaffold produced more or less strong tubes.
Perhaps what’s most impressive is that the design could also allow for holes in the side of the print, giving the possibility for controlled permeability of the vessel for the blood to do its function. “This was a proof of principle study. What we now need to do is replace the stem cells with functional cells that are part of a real blood vessel. That means adding muscle cells and fibrous tissue around the epithelial cells. Our goal now is to print a functional blood vessel,” Größbacher concluded
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