What exactly is stage IV cancer and how is it diagnosed?
Ryan W. MillerAs Rush Limbaugh and Shannen Doherty revealed cancer diagnoses this week, the questions arise: What exactly is stage IV cancer and how is cancer diagnosed?
Doctors use staging to help with treatment and determine a prognosis. But staging alone is not the only factor considered. M generally refers to whether the cancer has metastasized, meaning spread to other parts of the body. MX means this cannot be measured, M0 means the cancer has not spread and M1 means it metastasized.
This often happens as the cancer spreads through a patient's blood stream, said Dr. James Abbruzzese, a medical oncologist at Duke University who specializes in pancreatic cancer. "Survival is driven by more than just the staging," Abbruzzese said. Depending on the type of cancer and how responsive it is to therapy, it's possible for patients with stage IV cancer to live longer lives, he said.
Prostate cancer had a 98% five-year survival rate between 2009 and 2015, with a 30.5% survival rate in cases where the cancer spread to distant parts of the body. For lung and bronchus cancer, the five-year survival rate was 19.4% with a 5.2% survival rate in cases where the cancer spread to distant parts of the body.While many cancers use the numbered stages, what that stage means for cancer care can vary greatly depending on the type of cancer, Abbruzzese said.
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