The protein found in meat alternatives made from wheat and soy may be less well absorbed by the small intestine into the bloodstream than protein from chicken, but whether this leads to nutritional deficiencies is unknown
In their laboratory-based experiment, Chen, Campanella and their colleagues grew a layer of humancells on scaffolds that divided several dishes into two chambers. They then used enzymes from the stomach and small intestine to digest a plant-based meat alternative and a cooked chicken breast, before adding each digested product to one chamber in each dish.
In the second part of the experiment, the team analysed the digested foods’ peptides, discovering that protein fragments from chicken breast are smaller and more soluble in water than meat-alternative peptides. “In the gut, the peptides need to cross a mucus layer… which serves as a filter… before reaching the intestinal epithelium cells. [We tested protein absorption] without consideration of the mucus layer,” the pair say.
Despite their results, the team maintains that plant-based meat alternatives are probably a good protein source.
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