Ottawa’s tax-and-spend regime needs an overhaul

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Ottawa’s tax-and-spend regime needs an overhaul
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The system looks good on paper; dig a little deeper, however, and the flaws become apparent

Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance Chrystia Freeland arrive to deliver the federal budget in the House of Commons on Parliament Hill in Ottawa, on March 28, 2023. John Lester is a fellow-in-residence at the C.D. Howe Institute and an executive fellow at the University of Calgary’s School of Public Policy.

Dig a little deeper, however, and the flaws become apparent. The first is incomplete coverage of spending. Governments use the tax system to achieve economic and social objectives, making these initiatives functionally equivalent to spending programs – think of the tax incentives given to electric-vehicle battery manufacturers and the Goods and Services Tax credit available to Canadians with low incomes, particularly when used to deliver a grocery rebate.

The real question is whether Canadians overall are richer or poorer because of the business subsidy. In a labour-short economy, government subsidies simply move workers from one industry to another. This shift will only raise the real income of Canadians if workers are more productive in the subsidized industry than in another industry by a margin large enough to offset the cost of providing the subsidy.

The subsidy for Volkswagen was sold as paying for itself over five years, apparently through tax revenues generated directly and indirectly by the project. This is problematic because of the absence of any details on the calculation and because even the best break-even calculation is not a reasonable basis for making a decision. A basic point is that workers in the battery plants would have been employed elsewhere, so a break-even analysis is inherently misleading.

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