Hearing the sound of a newborn's wail can trigger the release of oxytocin, a brain chemical that controls breast-milk release in mothers, a new study in rodents shows. Researchers found that once prompted, this flood of hormones continues for roughly five minutes before tapering off, enabling mothers to feed their young until they are sated or begin crying again.
Led by researchers at NYU Grossman School of Medicine, the study explored a centuries-old observation in humans and other mammals that when a baby begins a feeding session, its cries alone can prompt its mother to release breast milk. Studies dating back decades have shown that such calls for food, and not suckling itself, prompts the largest oxytocin surges. However, the mechanisms behind and purpose for this wail-to-milk pipeline had until now remained unclear.
The results also revealed that the oxytocin boost only occurs in mother mice and not in females who have never given birth. In addition, the mothers' brain circuitry only responded to her pups' cries and not to computer-generated tones designed to mimic natural wails. "These results suggest that the crying-prompted brain circuit is not only important for nursing behavior, but also for maintaining a mother's attention over time and encouraging effective care of her young even when she is exhausted," said study senior author Robert Froemke, PhD. Froemke is the Skirball Foundation Professor of Genetics in the Department of Neuroscience and Physiology at NYU Langone.
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