Scientists have finally traced the source of a powerful 1831 volcanic eruption that cooled Earth's climate using ice core samples and computer modeling. The eruption, linked to Zavaritskii volcano on Simushir Island in the disputed Kuril Islands, is believed to have caused a significant drop in Northern Hemisphere temperatures.
Simushir Island in the northwest Pacific was the source of a previously unidentified 1831 eruption. The remote and uninhabited Simushir is part of the Kuril Islands , an area disputed by Russia and Japan. An unknown volcano erupted so explosively in 1831 that it cooled Earth’s climate. Now, nearly 200 years later, scientists have identified the “mystery volcano.
” The eruption was one of the most powerful of the 19th century, spewing so much sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere that annual average temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere dropped by about one 1 degree Celsius (1.8 degrees Fahrenheit). The event took place during the last gasp of the Little Ice Age, one of the coldest periods on Earth in the past 10,000 years.While the year of this historic eruption was known, the volcano’s location was not. Researchers recently solved that puzzle by sampling ice cores in Greenland, peering back in time through the cores’ layers to examine sulfur isotopes, grains of ash and tiny volcanic glass shards deposited between 1831 and 1834. Using geochemistry, radioactive dating and computer modeling to map particles’ trajectories, the scientists linked the 1831 eruption to an island volcano in the northwest Pacific Ocean, they reported Monday in the journal According to the analysis, the mystery volcano was Zavaritskii (also spelled Zavaritsky) on Simushir Island, part of the Kuril Islands archipelago, an area disputed by Russia and Japan. Before the scientists’ findings, Zavaritskii’s last known “For many of Earth’s volcanoes, particularly those in remote areas, we have a very poor understanding of their eruptive history,” said lead study author Dr. William Hutchison, a principal research fellow in the School of Earth and Environmental Sciences at the University of St. Andrews in the United Kingdom. “Zavaritskii is located on an extremely remote island between Japan and Russi
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