The researchers say that the city represents an 'enormous and remarkably early experiment in formal urban planning.'
The temple is located within the ancient city of Angkor, which served as the capital of the Khmer Empire from the 9th century all the way through until its fall in the 15th century.
Archaeologists had long suspected that an ancient Khmer capital lay hidden in the Phnom Kulen mountains but the region is difficult to access, hindering research projects. Not only are the mountains carpeted in dense vegetation that hides many of the ancient features, but the area is also dotted with landmines due to the fact that it was one of the last holdouts of the Khmer Rouge right up until the 1990s.
"The location of the city was unclear at the early stage of Khmer studies," Chevance said."Mahendraparvata was first identified with Phnom Kulen at the beginning of the 20th century. It was not before 1936-38 that the first archaeological campaign revealed most of the brick temples and placed them, with their architectural decoration, within the chronology of Khmer art history.
But due to the limitations of conventional survey and mapping techniques in the area, a coherent vision of the city itself remained elusive, the researchers say. Now, the team's latest LiDAR surveys, alongside ground-based research, have revealed thousands of archaeological features across an area of roughly 20 square miles. These features show what appears to be an advanced grid system that connects the various features of the city—such as dams, reservoir walls, temples, neighborhoods and the royal palace—helping to define its layout.
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