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Is India’s multi-alignment policy strategic genius or a missed leadership opportunity?
It is well known that both Russia and Ukraine, like Canada, are major exporters of grains such as wheat. These exports are vitally important to global nutrition. Less known is that around 40 percent of the world’s rice supplies come from India, putting it far ahead of other major suppliers, Thailand, Vietnam and Pakistan.
On agriculture in particular, it is happy to see tariffs on its exports reduced but remains unwilling to adhere to trade rules, particularly regarding compensation for proven contraventions of WTO rules on import barriers and subsidies. It brought the Doha round to a halt over its insistence on the latter.
By contrast, for all its shortcomings, undemocratic China now imports over seven times more food than India. While India works to maintain its trade surplus in the sector, China runs an agriculture trade deficit, made easily affordable by its higher value-added exports. In fact, its rise as an economic power hinged on undertaking thorough agricultural reforms. China is now the world’s third-largest destination for food products and Canada’s second-largest market for agri-food products.
Unfortunately, multi-alignment has made India more of a serial joiner than a purposeful leader. While that would make sense for a smaller country, it seems odd for the world’s largest democracy with 1.5 billion people. It’s stranger still considering that India has risen to a pivotal place in the Indo-Pacific strategies of virtually every Western nation. The West may have volunteered India as a principal partner, but India seems unclear about whether to accept the nomination.
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