Human 'Brain Cell Atlas' Brings New Insight Into Brain Health, Illness

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Human 'Brain Cell Atlas' Brings New Insight Into Brain Health, Illness
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After a massive five-year effort, researchers have unveiled an “atlas” that gives an unprecedented look at the intricacies of the human brain.

The atlas, which will be available to researchers everywhere, can be seen as similar to the atlases we all know: a book of maps.

The ultimate goal, Ren and other experts said, is to better understand the workings of the human brain — and what goes wrong in the range of neurological and psychiatric conditions thatScience Translational Medicine That kind of deep understanding of brain cells could eventually lead to new, highly targeted treatments for neuropsychiatric conditions — including ones no one has thought of yet, said Dr. Panos Roussos, a professor at Mount Sinai's Icahn School of Medicine in New York City, who worked on the project.

Human brain cells, it's fair to say, are diverse and complex. Each cell in the brain has the same DNA sequence, but different cell types use different genes, and in different amounts. In their study, Ren's team analyzed three human brains, looking in detail at more than 1 million cells in 42 brain regions. They identified 107 different brain cell subtypes, then were able to correlate certain aspects of cells' molecular biology to specific diseases — includingThey, too, were able to map certain brain cell types to specific diseases.

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