Most of the imaging technologies available today, including smartphone cameras, digital video cameras, microscopes and telescopes, are based on the concepts of direct imaging, i.e., a camera directly recording a scene in a single step. This is precisely how human vision works, where light from an object is collected by the eye's lens and focused on the retina.
Holography, a sub-field of optics whose invention received a Nobel prize in 1971, images objects indirectly. This indirect imaging process consists of at least two steps. In the first step, an object is recorded by a camera in a unique way with many optical components mounted on a special table that is resilient to vibrations. In the second step, the recorded intensity pattern is processed in the computer to reconstruct the object information.
Over the past two years, my colleagues and I at the Center of Photonics and Computational Imaging of the University of Tartu, Estonia, have been developing imaging technologies that have the advantages of holography but only the minimal requirements of direct imaging systems. We demonstratedIn any imaging system, image sharpness and depth of field are two of the most critical parameters. However, both are intertwined by a common factor called the f-number, as written in many DSLR cameras.
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