NewYorkCity's greenery absorbs a surprising amount of its carbonemissions columbia IOPenvironment
1. IntroductionUrban areas contribute more than 70% of global anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions . Many cities have pledged to achieve net-zero carbon by 2050, but effective emission reduction can only be achieved if the sources are properly identified, quantified, and monitored . Currently, two approaches are widely used to quantify CO2 fluxes—bottom-up inventories and models and top-down atmospheric inversions.
The New York metropolitan area is the largest urban source of carbon in US and third largest globally . New York City , the urban core of the NYMA, also has the most trees among US cities and there are hopes of planting another million trees to increase tree canopy cover from 20% to 30%. Like many cities, NYC also includes considerable amounts of lawn vegetation.
The input data come from publicly available datasets, including enhanced vegetation index , land surface water index , photosynthetically active radiation , air temperature , ISA fraction, and the land cover map. The 30 m resolution Landsat EVI and surface reflectance are used in this study. The Landsat swath covering our study domain is Path 13 and Row 32. Both the 16-day Landsat 7 and 8 retrievals were used to create an 8-day dataset of EVI and LSWI.
2.4. Contributions of anthropogenic and biogenic CO2 fluxes to atmospheric CO2 The changes in the atmospheric CO2 concentrations attributed to the anthropogenic and biogenic CO2 fluxes are calculated by combining the Lagrangian atmospheric transport model STILT with our NYC-VPRM and the monthly sector-specific EDGAR v6.0, emissions for 2018 anthropogenic CO2 emission inventory.
Vegetation in the developed land covers of low-, medium-, and high-intensity contributes differently to the regional NEE across the domain. Medium-intensity development accounts for a higher portion of land area in the study domain relative to low-intensity ) and makes a larger contribution to EVI compared to high-intensity ), thus contributing most to total NEE in the domain.
3.3. Influences of biogenic and anthropogenic fluxes on atmospheric CO2 3.3.1. Simulated and observed atmospheric CO2 enhancementsThe simulated atmospheric CO2 enhancements agree well with the observed CO2 enhancement, especially during the daytime, when the boundary layer is well mixed ).
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