Growing up in the mountains can alter not just genes, but how the body uses them. ScienceMagArchives
Human evolution is at work in the Andes mountains. The Quechua, an Indigenous people in Peru who have lived at altitudes above 2500 meters for at least the past 11,000 years, have evolved genetic adaptations to survive their harsh environment. A new study finds these extreme conditions can change chemical modifications that control the activity of that DNA.
Your environment can cause chemical modifications to your DNA that turn genes on or off, or lower or raise the activity of certain genes. The strategy allows people to adapt to their surroundings much more rapidly than pure genetics allows. Still, it's unclear what role epigenetics plays in helping people adapt to a life at high altitude.
But other methylated regions, including around one gene involved in the breakdown of sugar, were exclusive to the group born and raised at high elevation, the team found. This suggests such changes only arise when Quechua are constantly exposed to high altitude.
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