China has reported a population decline for the first time in decades
The U.N. expects China’s population to shrink by more than 100 million by 2050, and says it could reach 800 million by the end of the century. The U.S. population, by contrast, is predicted to grow from its current 337 million, mostly through immigration.
The country then experienced explosive growth through the second half of the 20th century, its population more than doubling. Concerned that overpopulation could hurt development, Chinese officials introduced a number of reproductive restrictions centered around the “one-child policy,” which was in force from 1980 to 2015.
While effective in curbing population growth, critics say the one-child policy resulted in rights abuses and a disproportionate number of men compared with women, especially in the countryside. It also fundamentally changed Chinese ideas about family size, said Deng, as parents realized they could achieve upward social mobility by investing more in educating a single child.
“They can see the result because they can send their kids to the best schools and then to the best universities,” he said.
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