What Is a Red Giant? A red giant forms after a star has run out of hydrogen fuel for nuclear fusion and has begun the process of dying. A star maintains its stability through a fine balance between its own gravity, which pulls it together, and the outwards pressure from ongoing thermonuclear fus
A bright star is surrounded by a tenuous shell of gas in this unusual image from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. U Camelopardalis, or U Cam for short, is a star nearing the end of its life. As it begins to run low on fuel, it is becoming unstable. Every few thousand years, it coughs out a nearly spherical shell of gas as a layer of helium around its core begins to fuse.
However, once a star’s core runs out of hydrogen, that state of equilibrium is lost and the core begins to collapse. As the core collapses, the shell ofsurrounding the core becomes hot enough to begin fusing hydrogen itself. As fusion in this shell begins, the extra heat causes the outer layers of the star to greatly expand, and the surface extends up to several hundred times beyond the former size of the star.
This process can take hundreds of millions of years to transpire. It only applies to intermediate-mass stars , which then go on to form
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