How many habitable planets does each sun-like star have?
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region of the Universe, we find that only 5% of stars are as massive than our Sun is. It is thousands of times as luminous as the dimmest red dwarf star, but the most massive O-stars are millions of times as luminous as our Sun. About 20% of the total population of stars out there fall into the F, G, or K classes.While there are many interesting possibilities concerning life on planets around M-class stars,.
And M-class stars emit copious amounts of X-rays, possibly enough to sterilize the surface of any terrestrial planet orbiting it.All inner planets in a red dwarf system will be tidally locked, with one side always facing the starand one always facing away, with a ring of Earth-like habitability between the night and day sides.
The first thing that should be emphasized, however, is that there's no disagreement over the Kepler data itself! When a planet is fortuitously aligned with its parent star and our line-of-sight, it will transit across the face of the star once per orbit, blocking a fraction of the star's light for a small amount of time. The more transit events we build up, the stronger the signal gets. Owing to Kepler's mission, we've discovered thousands of stars with exoplanets around them....
A second source of uncertainty arises from the big question of"where is the habitable zone?" We typically define this as the range of distances an Earth-sized planet with an Earth-like atmosphere could exist from its parent star and still have liquid water on its surface. The answer to this question is much more difficult to obtain.... [+]
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