A pair of studies offer the most detailed look yet at groups of hunter-gatherers living before, during and after the last ice age.
. But the handful of ancient genomes from this period suggest that these pioneers left no genetic trace in later hunter-gatherers.identified a genetic signature in 35,000-year-old remains from the Goyet cave system in Belgium, which persisted in hunter-gatherer populations that lived tens of thousands of years later. The Goyet remains were associated with Aurignacian artefacts, a Europe-wide material culture known for its elaborate cave-wall art and ‘Venus’ figurines.
To find out, Posth and his colleagues sequenced ancient DNA from 116 hunter-gatherers who lived in Europe and western Asia between 35,000 and 5,000 years ago, and analysed previously sequenced genome data from hundreds more.are several pre-ice-age individuals from sites in France and Spain. Their remains were found with artefacts attributed to another pan-European material culture known for its figurines, called the Gravettian.
The two studies suggest that the Iberian Peninsula was a refuge for hunter-gatherers as the climate cooled and glaciers ensconced northern Europe. The genetic signature — the same one found in Goyet 35,000 years ago — later pops up across western Europe and even into Poland after Europe’s climate warmed.Iberia wasn’t Europe’s only ice-age holdout, says Posth. His team discovered a genetic signature in post-ice-age people in northern Italy that eventually reached Sicily.
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